HTML Special Characters

Q: How do I get special characters into an HTML document?

A: The following table shows how to put special characters into an HTML document. The first column shows the character (these will only be displayed correctly if your browser is set up to display them correctly.) The second column is the name of the character. To put the character into a document, put an ampersand in front of the name, and a semi-colon after it. For example, to get "¢" write "¢" (without the quote marks).

The third column is the decimal number for the character. To use this, treat it (with its sharp sign) just like the name. So "¢" has the same result as "¢".

The last column is the Unicode name for the character.

This table is a re-formatted version of data copied from the following web site, where it has the following copyright and permission notice.

From http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/entities.html

Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986 Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.

If you want to use this, please copy it to your own computer so that you don't use my bandwidth every time you look at it.

 — Programmer in Chief
      http://www.free-comp-shop.com

Latin-like letters

ISO 8859-1 characters

À Agrave #192 latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave, U+00C0
Á Aacute #193 latin capital letter A with acute, U+00C1
 Acirc #194 latin capital letter A with circumflex, U+00C2
à Atilde #195 latin capital letter A with tilde, U+00C3
Ä Auml #196 latin capital letter A with diaeresis, U+00C4
Å Aring #197 latin capital letter A with ring above, U+00C5
Æ AElig #198 latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE, U+00C6
Ç Ccedil #199 latin capital letter C with cedilla, U+00C7
È Egrave #200 latin capital letter E with grave, U+00C8
É Eacute #201 latin capital letter E with acute, U+00C9
Ê Ecirc #202 latin capital letter E with circumflex, U+00CA
Ë Euml #203 latin capital letter E with diaeresis, U+00CB
Ì Igrave #204 latin capital letter I with grave, U+00CC
Í Iacute #205 latin capital letter I with acute, U+00CD
Î Icirc #206 latin capital letter I with circumflex, U+00CE
Ï Iuml #207 latin capital letter I with diaeresis, U+00CF
Ð ETH #208 latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0/td>
Ñ Ntilde #209 latin capital letter N with tilde, U+00D1
Ò Ograve #210 latin capital letter O with grave, U+00D2
Ó Oacute #211 latin capital letter O with acute, U+00D3
Ô Ocirc #212 latin capital letter O with circumflex, U+00D4
Õ Otilde #213 latin capital letter O with tilde, U+00D5
Ö Ouml #214 latin capital letter O with diaeresis, U+00D6
× times #215 multiplication sign, U+00D7
Ø Oslash #216 latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash, U+00D8
Ù Ugrave #217 latin capital letter U with grave, U+00D9
Ú Uacute #218 latin capital letter U with acute, U+00DA
Û Ucirc #219 latin capital letter U with circumflex, U+00DB
Ü Uuml #220 latin capital letter U with diaeresis, U+00DC
Ý Yacute #221 latin capital letter Y with acute, U+00DD
Þ THORN #222 latin capital letter THORN, U+00DE
ß szlig #223 latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed, U+00DF
à agrave #224 latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave, U+00E0
á aacute #225 latin small letter a with acute, U+00E1
â acirc #226 latin small letter a with circumflex, U+00E2
ã atilde #227 latin small letter a with tilde, U+00E3
ä auml #228 latin small letter a with diaeresis, U+00E4
å aring #229 latin small letter a with ring above, U+00E5
æ aelig #230 latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae, U+00E6
ç ccedil #231 latin small letter c with cedilla, U+00E7
è egrave #232 latin small letter e with grave, U+00E8
é eacute #233 latin small letter e with acute, U+00E9
ê ecirc #234 latin small letter e with circumflex, U+00EA
ë euml #235 latin small letter e with diaeresis, U+00EB
ì igrave #236 latin small letter i with grave, U+00EC
í iacute #237 latin small letter i with acute, U+00ED
î icirc #238 latin small letter i with circumflex, U+00EE
ï iuml #239 latin small letter i with diaeresis, U+00EF
ð eth #240 latin small letter eth, U+00F0
ñ ntilde #241 latin small letter n with tilde, U+00F1
ò ograve #242 latin small letter o with grave, U+00F2
ó oacute #243 latin small letter o with acute, U+00F3
ô ocirc #244 latin small letter o with circumflex, U+00F4
õ otilde #245 latin small letter o with tilde, U+00F5
ö ouml #246 latin small letter o with diaeresis, U+00F6
÷ divide #247 division sign, U+00F7
ø oslash #248 latin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slash, U+00F8
ù ugrave #249 latin small letter u with grave, U+00F9
ú uacute #250 latin small letter u with acute, U+00FA
û ucirc #251 latin small letter u with circumflex, U+00FB
ü uuml #252 latin small letter u with diaeresis, U+00FC
ý yacute #253 latin small letter y with acute, U+00FD
þ thorn #254 latin small letter thorn, U+00FE
ÿ yuml #255 latin small letter y with diaeresis, U+00FF

Latin Extended-B

ƒ fnof #402 latin small f with hook = function = florin, U+0192

Latin Extended-A

Œ OElig #338latin capital ligature OE, U+0152
œ oelig #339latin small ligature oe, U+0153
Š Scaron #352latin capital letter S with caron, U+0160
š scaron #353latin small letter s with caron, U+0161
Ÿ Yuml #376latin capital letter Y with diaeresis, U+0178

Spacing Modifier Letters

ˆ circ #710modifier letter circumflex accent, U+02C6
˜ tilde #732small tilde, U+02DC

Special characters for HTML

" quot #34quotation mark = APL quote, U+0022
& amp #38ampersand, U+0026
< lt #60less-than sign, U+003C
> gt #62greater-than sign, U+003E

Symbols

ISO 8859-1 characters

  nbsp #160 no-break space = non-breaking space, U+00A0
¡ iexcl #161 inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1
¢ cent #162 cent sign, U+00A2
£ pound #163 pound sign, U+00A3
¤ curren #164 currency sign, U+00A4
¥ yen #165 yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5
¦ brvbar #166 broken bar = broken vertical bar, U+00A6
§ sect #167 section sign, U+00A7
¨ uml #168 diaeresis = spacing diaeresis, U+00A8
© copy #169 copyright sign, U+00A9
ª ordf #170 feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA
¬ not #172 not sign, U+00AC
­ shy #173 soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen, U+00AD
® reg #174 registered sign = registered trade mark sign, U+00AE
¯ macr #175 macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar, U+00AF
° deg #176 degree sign, U+00B0
± plusmn #177 plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign, U+00B1
² sup2 #178 superscript two = superscript digit two = squared, U+00B2
³ sup3 #179 superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed, U+00B3
´ acute #180 acute accent = spacing acute, U+00B4
µ micro #181 micro sign, U+00B5
para #182 pilcrow sign = paragraph sign, U+00B6
· middot #183 middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot, U+00B7
¸ cedil #184 cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8
¹ sup1 #185 superscript one = superscript digit one, U+00B9
º ordm #186 masculine ordinal indicator, U+00BA
« laquo #171 left pointing guillemet, U+00AB
» raquo #187 right pointing guillemet, U+00BB
¼ frac14 #188 vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter, U+00BC
½ frac12 #189 vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half, U+00BD
¾ frac34 #190 vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters, U+00BE
¿ iquest #191 inverted question mark = turned question mark, U+00BF

Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters

Greek

Α Alpha #913 greek capital letter alpha, U+0391
Β Beta #914 greek capital letter beta, U+0392
Γ Gamma #915 greek capital letter gamma, U+0393
Δ Delta #916 greek capital letter delta, U+0394
Ε Epsilon #917 greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395
Ζ Zeta #918 greek capital letter zeta, U+0396
Η Eta #919 greek capital letter eta, U+0397
Θ Theta #920 greek capital letter theta, U+0398
Ι Iota #921 greek capital letter iota, U+0399
Κ Kappa #922 greek capital letter kappa, U+039A
Λ Lambda #923 greek capital letter lambda, U+039B
Μ Mu #924 greek capital letter mu, U+039C
Ν Nu #925 greek capital letter nu, U+039D
Ξ Xi #926 greek capital letter xi, U+039E
Ο Omicron #927 greek capital letter omicron, U+039F
Π Pi #928 greek capital letter pi, U+03A0
Ρ Rho #929 greek capital letter rho, U+03A1
Σ Sigma #931 greek capital letter sigma, U+03A3
Τ Tau #932 greek capital letter tau, U+03A4
Υ Upsilon #933 greek capital letter upsilon, U+03A5
Φ Phi #934 greek capital letter phi, U+03A6
Χ Chi #935 greek capital letter chi, U+03A7
Ψ Psi #936 greek capital letter psi, U+03A8
Ω Omega #937 greek capital letter omega, U+03A9
α alpha #945 greek small letter alpha, U+03B1
β beta #946 greek small letter beta, U+03B2
γ gamma #947 greek small letter gamma, U+03B3
δ delta #948 greek small letter delta, U+03B4
ε epsilon #949 greek small letter epsilon, U+03B5
ζ zeta #950 greek small letter zeta, U+03B6
η eta #951 greek small letter eta, U+03B7
θ theta #952 greek small letter theta, U+03B8
ι iota #953 greek small letter iota, U+03B9
κ kappa #954 greek small letter kappa, U+03BA
λ lambda #955 greek small letter lambda, U+03BB
μ mu #956 greek small letter mu, U+03BC
ν nu #957 greek small letter nu, U+03BD
ξ xi #958 greek small letter xi, U+03BE
ο omicron #959 greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW
π pi #960 greek small letter pi, U+03C0
ρ rho #961 greek small letter rho, U+03C1
ς sigmaf #962 greek small letter final sigma, U+03C2
σ sigma #963 greek small letter sigma, U+03C3
τ tau #964 greek small letter tau, U+03C4
υ upsilon #965 greek small letter upsilon, U+03C5
φ phi #966 greek small letter phi, U+03C6
χ chi #967 greek small letter chi, U+03C7
ψ psi #968 greek small letter psi, U+03C8
ω omega #969 greek small letter omega, U+03C9
ϑ thetasym #977 greek small letter theta symbol, U+03D1 NEW
ϒ upsih #978 greek upsilon with hook symbol, U+03D2 NEW
ϖ piv #982 greek pi symbol, U+03D6

General Punctuation

• bull #8226 bullet = black small circle, U+2022
… hellip #8230 horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader, U+2026
′ prime #8242 prime = minutes = feet, U+2032
″ Prime #8243 double prime = seconds = inches, U+2033
‾ oline #8254 overline = spacing overscore, U+203E NEW
⁄ frasl #8260 fraction slash, U+2044 NEW

General Punctuation

  ensp #8194 en space, U+2002
  emsp #8195 em space, U+2003
  thinsp #8201 thin space, U+2009
‌ zwnj #8204 zero width non-joiner, U+200C NEW RFC 2070
‍ zwj #8205 zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070
‎ lrm #8206 left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070
‏ rlm #8207 right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070
– ndash #8211 en dash, U+2013
— mdash #8212 em dash, U+2014
‘ lsquo #8216 left single quotation mark, U+2018
’ rsquo #8217 right single quotation mark, U+2019
‚ sbquo #8218 single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW
“ ldquo #8220 left double quotation mark, U+201C
” rdquo #8221 right double quotation mark, U+201D
„ bdquo #8222 double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW
† dagger #8224 dagger, U+2020
‡ Dagger #8225 double dagger, U+2021
‰ permil #8240 per mille sign, U+2030
‹ lsaquo #8249 single left-pointing angle quotation mark, U+2039proposed
› rsaquo #8250 single right-pointing angle quotation mark, U+203Aproposed
€ euro #8364euro sign, U+20AC NEW

Letterlike Symbols

℘ weierp #8472 script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p, U+2118
ℑ image #8465 blackletter capital I = imaginary part, U+2111
ℜ real #8476 blackletter capital R = real part symbol, U+211C
™ trade #8482 trade mark sign, U+2122
ℵ alefsym #8501 alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal, U+2135 NEW

Arrows

← larr #8592 leftwards arrow, U+2190
↑ uarr #8593 upwards arrow, U+2191/td>
→ rarr #8594 rightwards arrow, U+2192
↓ darr #8595 downwards arrow, U+2193
↔ harr #8596 left right arrow, U+2194
↵ crarr #8629 downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW
⇐ lArr #8656 leftwards double arrow, U+21D0
⇑ uArr #8657 upwards double arrow, U+21D1
⇒ rArr #8658 rightwards double arrow, U+21D2
⇓ dArr #8659 downwards double arrow, U+21D3
⇔ hArr #8660 left right double arrow, U+21D4

Mathematical Operators

∀ forall #8704 for all, U+2200
∂ part #8706 partial differential, U+2202
∃ exist #8707 there exists, U+2203
∅ empty #8709 empty set = null set = diameter, U+2205
∇ nabla #8711 nabla = backward difference, U+2207
∈ isin #8712 element of, U+2208
∉ notin #8713 not an element of, U+2209
∋ ni #8715 contains as member, U+220B
∏ prod #8719 n-ary product = product sign, U+220F
∑ sum #8721 n-ary sumation, U+2211
− minus #8722 minus sign, U+2212
∗ lowast #8727 asterisk operator, U+2217
√ radic #8730 square root = radical sign, U+221A
∝ prop #8733 proportional to, U+221D
∞ infin #8734 infinity, U+221E
∠ ang #8736 angle, U+2220
∧ and #8743 logical and = wedge, U+2227
∨ or #8744 logical or = vee, U+2228
∩ cap #8745 intersection = cap, U+2229
∪ cup #8746 union = cup, U+222A
∫ int #8747 integral, U+222B
∴ there4 #8756 therefore, U+2234
∼ sim #8764 tilde operator = varies with = similar to, U+223C
≅ cong #8773 approximately equal to, U+2245
≈ asymp #8776 almost equal to = asymptotic to, U+2248
≠ ne #8800 not equal to, U+2260
≡ equiv #8801 identical to, U+2261
≤ le #8804 less-than or equal to, U+2264
≥ ge #8805 greater-than or equal to, U+2265
⊂ sub #8834 subset of, U+2282
⊃ sup #8835 superset of, U+2283
⊄ nsub #8836 not a subset of, U+2284
⊆ sube #8838 subset of or equal to, U+2286
⊇ supe #8839 superset of or equal to, U+2287
⊕ oplus #8853 circled plus = direct sum, U+2295
⊗ otimes #8855 circled times = vector product, U+2297
⊥ perp #8869 up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular, U+22A5
⋅ sdot #8901 dot operator, U+22C5
⌈ lceil #8968 left ceiling = apl upstile, U+2308
⌉ rceil #8969 right ceiling, U+2309
⌊ lfloor #8970 left floor = apl downstile, U+230A
⌋ rfloor #8971 right floor, U+230B
⟨ lang #9001 left-pointing angle bracket = bra, U+2329
⟩ rang #9002 right-pointing angle bracket = ket, U+232A

Geometric Shapes and Miscellaneous Symbols

◊ loz #9674 lozenge, U+25CA
♠ spades #9824 black spade suit, U+2660
♣ clubs #9827 black club suit = shamrock, U+2663
♥ hearts #9829 black heart suit = valentine, U+2665
♦ diams #9830 black diamond suit, U+2666

Valid HTML 4.0 Transitional
(checked 2011-02-25)

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